Newcastle
Brief Guide To Newcastle Upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, North East England. It lies on the north bank of the River Tyne opposite Sunderland, south of Gateshead and west of South Shields. The name was used for centuries to describe a larger area than the City of Newcastle. This includes West Newcastle, Kingston Park, Fenham, Gosforth, Benwell and other areas that are not within the modern city boundaries.
The first recorded settlement in Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne.
The first recorded settlement in Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne. The fort was built by the Roman emperor Hadrian and completed in AD 124. The bridge was built in AD 122 at the same time as Eboracum (York) and marked the northernmost boundary of Britannia with an outpost to repel barbarian attacks from the north.
The Romans abandoned Pons Aelius as they withdrew from Britain around AD 163.
Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress.
Newcastle was England's northern fortress, a place of strategic importance in the realm's defence. During the Middle Ages, it was an important centre of commerce and trade and one of the first towns in England to receive a charter from King John in 1204. Newcastle was also notable for being among the first towns to be granted an elected mayor (in 1335). It later became one of Britain's earliest corporate identities when it gained its town council in 1439.
In the 1630s, about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of the plague.
This pandemic struck Europe during the Middle Ages and killed an estimated 75 to 200 million people. The plague is caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected fleas or direct contact with infected rodents via their blood or faeces. It then spreads to other people through airborne droplets when an infected animal coughs or sneezes near them.
In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's fourth largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge.
Newcastle was the country's fourth largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge. In 1780 it was the first city in Britain to have a daily newspaper.
The first edition of the Newcastle Chronicle appeared on Saturday, August 3rd 1764. It was published by John Thompson, who had previously worked for William Wilson at his "Newcastle Weekly Journal". The copy here at Tyneside Memories is one of only two surviving copies of this scarce publication (the other being held at Newcastle University).
The Chronicle was printed every Saturday using presses owned by Thompson himself with assistance from printers Robert Walker and William Jobling, partners in a business called Walker & Jobling Printing Office on Silver Street.
In Newcastle in the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity.
Shipbuilding was a significant employer in the city, with four large shipyards on the River Tyne (Armstrong Whitworth, Scott Russell, Swan Hunter and Vickers) producing the majority of ships built in Britain during the 20th century. An example of its importance to the area: when England won The Ashes at cricket against Australia in 1882, it was only after an innings victory at St James Park by Sydney Smith's team that they scored their first home win since 1877. The game has been played there ever since and is still one of England's most popular grounds today
With the advent of the motor car, Newcastle's road network was improved in the early part of the 20th century, beginning with the opening of the Redheugh road bridge in 1901 and the Tyne Bridge.
Newcastle was founded at the confluence of the River Tyne and its tributary, the River Derwent, in what was then part of County Durham. It became a borough in 1835 and received its city charter in 1893. The city is also home to Newcastle United F.C., one of England's top football clubs, as well as Northumbria University, which has a campus here with over 21,000 students studying across ten faculties
Council housing began to replace inner-city slums in the 1920s, and the process continued into the 1970s, along with substantial private house building and acquisitions.
Newcastle Upon Tyne Council housing began to replace inner-city slums in the 1920s, and the process continued into the 1970s, along with substantial private house building and acquisitions. The council estates were primarily built on undeveloped land on or near the city outskirts. The first council houses were made of wood on concrete piles, but later examples were constructed in red brick, stone and concrete blockwork.
The primary social housing areas are Byker, Wallsend, North Shields, and North East Heaton Jesmond.
Newcastle experiences a temperate maritime climate, like much of Great Britain.
Like much of Great Britain, Newcastle experiences a temperate maritime climate. Sonneveld and Knight (1999) described Newcastle as having an oceanic climate with cool summers and mild winters. The average annual temperature is 10.1 °C (50.2 °F), which makes it one of the warmest cities in the United Kingdom outside of London. Winter temperatures rarely fall below freezing, while summer temperatures rarely exceed 22 °C (72 °F).[25]
Newcastle has a milder climate than other parts of the U.K., with the average annual temperature being 9.5–10 degrees Celsius.
Newcastle is a great city to visit, and it has undergone many changes but still holds on to its charm and culture. Newcastle has many attractions, from museums like The Discovery Museum Of Science And Engineering and The Centre For Life, which is perfect for families visiting with young children. Some of these museums even have free entry, so you don't have to pay anything! There are also plenty of parks, such as Leazes Park, which provides lots of space for kids to run freely without worrying about traffic or busy roads nearby — perfect for parents who want some peace!
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